Before You Start
This guide assumes you have an active POS system (like Toast or Square) and basic inventory tracking procedures in place.
Overview
What You’ll Learn
- How to accurately calculate Prime Cost (Food & Labor)
- Setting up QuickBooks for ingredient-level COGS tracking
- Accounting for waste, spoilage, and employee meals
- Streamlining daily sales and tips reconciliation from your POS
1. Preparation Steps
To effectively track prime cost and inventory, you’ll need these specific accounts in your General Ledger:
Required Accounts
- Food & Beverage Sales (Income)
- Cost of Goods Sold - Food (Expense)
- Cost of Goods Sold - Beverage (Expense)
- Inventory - Food (Other Current Asset)
- Inventory - Beverage (Other Current Asset)
- Sales Tax Payable (Liability)
Optional (but recommended)
- Waste & Spoilage (Expense)
- Employee Meals (Expense)
- Discounts & Promotions (Income Reduction)
- Gift Card Liability (Other Current Liability)
2. Choosing Your POS Integration Method
Connecting your POS to your accounting system is critical. Two main approaches exist.
Method A: Manual Daily Entry / Spreadsheet Import
This involves manually entering data or importing summary spreadsheets.
- Zero upfront cost for integration.
- Full manual control over entries.
- Good for very small, low-volume operations.
- Extremely time-consuming.
- High potential for human error.
- Lacks real-time insights into prime cost.
Method B: Third-Party Integrators (Shogo, Orderly, Synder)
These services automate the data transfer from your POS to your General Ledger.
Expert Tip: For any restaurant with significant volume, a dedicated POS integration tool like Shogo or Orderly is essential. It ensures daily sales, tips, payments, and COGS data flow seamlessly, drastically reducing manual entry and improving accuracy.
3. Step-by-Step: Prime Cost Workflow
Visualizing the ideal workflow for prime cost management involves data flowing from your POS, through inventory tracking, and finally to your accounting software.
A diagram here would illustrate the flow: POS (Toast/Square) → Inventory System → Integration Tool → Accounting Software (QBO/Xero)
This shows how data should flow for effective restaurant accounting.
Here is a sample code block to show how a daily sales summary payload might look.
{
"date": "2025-01-01",
"gross_sales": 1500.00,
"discounts": 50.00,
"net_sales": 1450.00,
"tips_collected": 200.00,
"payments": {
"credit_card": 1300.00,
"cash": 150.00
}
}
4. Setting Up Your Integration
- 1
Connect POS to Integrator
Authorize your chosen integrator (e.g., Shogo) to access your POS data (e.g., Toast, Square).
- 2
Connect Integrator to GL
Link the integrator to your accounting software (e.g., QuickBooks Online, Xero). Grant necessary permissions.
- 3
Map Accounts (Sales, Payments, Tips)
Carefully map sales categories, payment methods, and tips from your POS to the corresponding accounts in your GL.
- 4
Map COGS and Inventory
Configure how inventory purchases and usage flow into your COGS and Inventory asset accounts. This might involve integrating with an inventory management system.
Common Error: Tips Misclassification
Ensure tips collected by your POS are posted to a Liability account (Tips Payable), not Income. This avoids overstating revenue and ensures proper payroll handling.
5. Daily Reconciliation & Waste Tracking
Key Management Checklist
- Review daily sales entries for accuracy against POS reports
- Verify all payment types reconcile to bank deposits
- Confirm tips payable match payroll liabilities
- Track and record daily waste/spoilage figures
- Perform weekly inventory counts and adjust COGS
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